What is a common complication of poorly managed gestational diabetes?

Macrosomia is a common complication associated with poorly managed gestational diabetes because high blood sugar levels can lead to excessive growth of the fetus. When a pregnant woman has elevated glucose levels, the fetus receives more glucose than it needs, leading to increased fat deposition and overall growth. This results in macrosomia, which is defined as a birth weight of more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces (approximately 4,000 grams).

Macrosomia can create risks during delivery, including increased chances of cesarean section, birth injuries due to shoulder dystocia, and postpartum hemorrhage for the mother. Additionally, macrosomic infants may face health risks after birth, such as hypoglycemia.

Other complications of gestational diabetes may arise; however, macrosomia is specifically associated with the excessive glucose supply stemming from the condition when it is not effectively managed. This illustrates the direct impact poorly controlled blood sugar levels can have on fetal growth and outcomes.