What is the indication for administering vitamin K to newborns?

Administering vitamin K to newborns is primarily indicated to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN), also known as vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Newborns are particularly susceptible to HDN because they are born with low levels of vitamin K, which is essential for the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver. Without adequate vitamin K, infants can experience serious bleeding, both internally and externally, which can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality.

While vitamin K does play a role in bone health and development, as well as having some influence on immune function, these are not the primary reasons for its administration in newborns. The focus is specifically on preventing bleeding complications, hence the recommendation for a routine vitamin K injection shortly after birth to ensure that these newborns have sufficient levels to promote effective blood clotting.