What is the main feature of coarctation of the aorta?

The main feature of coarctation of the aorta is elevated blood pressure in the upper body compared to the lower body. In this condition, there is a narrowing of the aorta, which typically occurs just below the left subclavian artery. This narrowing restricts blood flow downstream, resulting in higher blood pressure in the arms and head while causing lower blood pressure in the legs.

This discrepancy in blood pressure is crucial for diagnosis and management. Patients with coarctation of the aorta often present with signs indicating this differential, such as hypertension in the upper extremities and weak or absent pulses in the lower extremities. Recognizing this feature is essential for effective treatment and monitoring of the condition.

The other choices reflect potential symptoms or concerns in various cardiac or circulatory conditions but are not defining characteristics of coarctation of the aorta. Delayed capillary refill time and cyanosis may indicate issues with perfusion or oxygenation that can be seen in various cardiac problems, but they are not specific to coarctation. Decreased heart rate also does not align with the typical presentation, as patients may exhibit normal or increased heart rates due to compensatory mechanisms in response to the condition.