What is Wilms tumor?

Wilms tumor is a rare type of malignant tumor that primarily affects the kidney and most commonly occurs in children, typically between the ages of 3 and 4. This tumor is also known as nephroblastoma and is characterized by the presence of a large abdominal mass, which may be accompanied by abdominal pain, swelling, and hematuria (blood in the urine).

The tumor originates from embryonic kidney cells and tends to present as a unilateral mass, although it can be bilateral in some cases. Early diagnosis and treatment, often involving surgery and chemotherapy, are critical for favorable outcomes. The rarity of this cancer, along with its specific characteristics and age demographic, distinguishes it from other listed options, such as brain tumors, genetic disorders, or infections. Each of these has distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and demographics that do not align with the defining characteristics of Wilms tumor.