What test is used to diagnose sickle cell anemia in newborns?

The newborn screening test is specifically designed to detect various congenital disorders, including sickle cell anemia, shortly after birth. This test typically involves taking a few drops of blood from a newborn's heel and analyzing it for certain metabolic or genetic disorders. In the case of sickle cell anemia, the test identifies the presence of hemoglobin S, which is the abnormal form of hemoglobin that leads to the characteristic sickle shape in red blood cells.

While options such as blood smear tests, complete blood counts, and genetic testing can provide helpful information regarding an individual's blood health and genetic makeup, these methods are not the primary tools used for early diagnosis of sickle cell anemia in newborns. The newborn screening test is crucial because it allows for prompt diagnosis and early intervention, potentially improving outcomes for affected infants.