Which of the following side effects is associated with chloramphenicol in neonates?

Chloramphenicol is known to carry a risk of a serious condition called "gray syndrome" in neonates. This syndrome can occur when chloramphenicol is administered to infants, particularly premature ones, and is characterized by a range of symptoms including abdominal distension, cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin), and an ashen-gray appearance of the skin, which reflects the toxic effects of the drug leading to cardiovascular collapse. The reason the gray color develops is due to the accumulation of the drug, as neonates have immature liver metabolism and are unable to effectively eliminate it.

The risk of gray syndrome highlights the need for careful monitoring of drug administration in newborns. Other potential side effects and concerns are present with chloramphenicol; however, gray syndrome is the most distinct and well-known adverse effect specifically linked to neonates. This condition underscores the importance of judicious use of chloramphenicol in this vulnerable population, as well as the need for alternatives whenever possible.